美媒：中国不是纸老虎
正文翻译:
China Is No Paper Tiger
中国不是纸老虎
March 1, 2013: American air power planners (air force and navy) are scrambling to adapt to the fact that China is creating a Western style air force, not just with modern aircraft but with modern training methods and tactics as well. While China has only about 500 modern aircraft (comparable to the American F-15/16/18/22), it’s their improved training that is most worrisome. The U.S., Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea have over five times as many such aircraft and well trained pilots. China, however, is rapidly closing the gap. In another decade or so, China will have at least two thousand modern warplanes and, if they keep at it, pilots close to the capability of their Western counterparts.
2013年3月1日，美国空中力量的决策们（不论空军和海军）要开始适应中国正在打造一支西方模式的空军这一事实，这不仅仅依靠现代化的飞机，还要有现代化的训练方法和战术。虽然目前中国只有500架现代化战机（与美国的F-15/16/18/22相比较），但最让人担心的是他们改进了训练。美国，台湾，日本和韩国有超过他们5倍的的战斗机和良好训练的飞行员。然而,中国正迅速弥补差距。在今后大约10年时间里，中国将拥有至少两千架现代化战机，如果他们坚持不懈，他们的飞行员也能接近西方水平。
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China is also devoting a lot of effort to developing modern electronics for their fighters. This is one area where their massive Internet based espionage effort may have given their air force an edge. The exact operating characteristics of military electronics are kept secret, because if the enemy has this data they can better develop countermeasures and other unpleasant surprises for the first weeks of combat. No one wants to talk about this, the better to keep the enemy guessing. When the shooting starts the guessing stops and it’s feared that China may have more of those deadly surprises.
同时中国在其战斗机的现代化电子系统方面下了很大的功夫。他们大规模利用互联网进行侦查活动设法让他们空军拥有一个优势。军用电子系统的工作特点是被保密的，因为如果敌军获取这类数据将能在开战第一周就开发更好的反制手段或其他什么让人不爽的“惊喜”出来。没人想去对此多说什么，最好的办法就是让敌人继续去猜测吧。当冲突开始猜测也就结束了，到时候恐怕中国会有很多那种要人命的“惊喜”出来。
Meanwhile, China is dumping its massive fleet of Cold War era aircraft. A year ago China officially withdrew its MiG-21 clone (the J-7) from first line service. That came as no surprise. In the last five years China has more than doubled the number of modern combat aircraft (J-10, J-11, Su-27, Su-30) and has also made many improvements to older aircraft (like the J-8F) to make them effective attack (with smart bombs and missiles) aircraft.
同时，中国弃置了他那冷战时期数量巨大的机群。一年前中国官方将他们的米格-21的山寨版（歼-7）从一线战备位置上撤了下来。不用太惊讶。在最近5年，中国拥有了超过两倍的现代化战斗机（歼-10，歼-11，SU-27，SU-30）以及进行过改进的旧型战斗机（歼-8F）使他们有效（配备智能炸弹和导弹）进行空战。
Five years ago China relied mainly on some 2,000 locally built copies of Russian MiG-19s (J-6) and MiG-21 (J-7). There are still several hundred bombers, mostly Russian knockoffs. Normally, the actual number of Chinese aircraft is a state secret. However, thanks to the ability of Chinese to move freely throughout the country and access to the Internet, it's possible to locate and count all the air force units in the country. That shows a current force that is rapidly changing from one that is mostly MiG-21s and MiG-19s, to one that is smaller but composed of much more capable aircraft. China is buying and building a lot of the Russian Su-27s and Su-30s (the latter an upgrade of the former). But new, home grown designs, like the J-20 are also showing up.
五年前，中国还主要依靠2000架国产仿制苏联的米格-19S（歼-6）和米格-21（歼-7）。至今任装备数百架主要仿造于苏式的轰炸机。通常，中国拥有战机的确切数字是个国家机密。然而，感谢中国网民能自由的穿行全国并有权使用网络，才使的了解（中国）空军各作战部队在其国内的分布和数目成为可能。有消息表明绝大多数MiG-21s和MiG-19s正在被迅速的替换，以步伐不大但稳健的姿态换装成先进战斗机，中国正在购买和建造大量苏式SU-27S和SU-30S（较早期相比更先进）。但是新型的国产设计如J-20也被公布了。
Another reason for withdrawing the J-7 to secondary regions (where modern jets are unlikely to be encountered) is the inability to use J-7s for a lot of training. That's important because China is revising its combat pilot training program. Until recently this took ten years of academic and flight training. The new program cuts that to 5-7 years, while increasing flight hours by over 40 percent. This is more in line with Western methods, while the existing system owes more to the one the Russians developed during the Cold War. The new system puts more emphasis on trainee pilots demonstrating combat flying skills before they can graduate. Cold War era Russian aircraft designs, like the MiG-21, were not designed for the heavy use required for Western style pilot training.
另一个撤装J-7的原因是要让它们退居二线（在那里不会遭遇到现代化的战斗机）利用J-7S进行大量训练以培养新飞行员。这是非常重要的，因为中国已经修改了他的飞行员作战训练大纲。直到最近每个飞行员在院校和普通飞行训练上还要花费10年时间，而新的大纲将这缩短到了5~7年，同时将飞行小时数提升超过40%。这基本已经符合西方的方式了，现存的训练体系还是冷战时期苏式的。新的训练体系将更强调向飞行学员们在其能够毕业前传授空战飞行技能。冷战时期苏联设计的战斗机比如MiG-21，对西方模式繁重的飞行员训练任务要求并不适用。
The new training program is actually an evolution of the need for new training methods to prepare pilots to handle the more modern aircraft. Training for pilots of these new fighters has been more intense than for any previous aircraft.
In addition, China is also holding training exercises directed at fighting other modern fighters, like those flown by Taiwan, Japan, and the United States. China is not keeping much of this secret and that is apparently sending a message to potential foes. In line with that, China now has a “Top Gun” type training center, where they can train their best fighter pilots and identify who is likely to be an ace in combat.
新的训练大纲确实顺应了新的训练方法，从而能够让飞行员操作更多的现代化战斗机。飞行员对这些新式战斗机的训练热情远胜于那些老式战机。另外，中国还开展了直接与其他现代战斗机的空战演习训练，比如台湾，日本和美国装备的战机。中国在这方面并不做太多保密工作，显然是在向假想敌传递信息。于此相一致的，中国如今也有了一个“Top Gun”式的训练中心，在那里他们对他们最棒的飞行员进行训练，并且从中发掘空战王牌。
China still exports J-7s but has been rapidly retiring the ones remaining in Chinese service. The J-7 was, in many ways, the most advanced version of the MiG-21, as the Chinese kept improving their J-7 design. Over 10,000 Mig-21s and J-7s have been produced in the last sixty years, making this the most widely manufactured jet fighter of the last century(during World War II there were several propeller driven fighters that were produced in greater numbers).
The MiG-21 looked fearsome but it was a bust in combat, getting shot down more often than not. Russia still had 189 Mig-21s in service when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. These MiG-21s were officially retired a few years later. India, the last major user of the MiG-21, is in the process of retiring them as well.
中国仍在出口J-7S但这种战机马上就要撤装但仍有部分在役。中国以各种途径继续提升他们的J-7战机，过去六十年里共有超过10000架Mig-21s和 J-7s被生产出来，这种喷气式战斗机于上世纪被广泛使用（在二战有几种螺旋桨式战斗被大量制造）。MiG-20看起来吓人但是打起来就成了靶子，比起其他战机被击落过多次。自1991年苏联解体后俄罗斯仍有189架Mig-21s在服役。这些Mig-21s将于几年内被宣布退役。印度，这个Mig-21最后的主要用户也开始进行退役工作。
China is developing stealth aircraft and modern military transports. China has also modernized its air defense network with systems comparable to the American Patriot. In terms of air power, China is no longer a third rate power. China now has a defense budget of over $100 billion a year and it is still growing. The main problem China has is controlling military corruption in peacetime. For thousands of years China has striven, usually in vain, to build and maintain competent in peacetime effective military forces. Many in the Chinese Air Force want to become a modern, combat effective force. But too many air force personnel are also eager to get rich.
中国正在开发隐形战斗机和现代化军用运输机。中国海在提升可媲美美国“爱国者”的现代化防空网络系统。作为空中强国，中国用不了多久就将位居第三。中国现在每年的国防超过1000亿美元并还在持续增长。中国的只要问题是控制承平已久导致军中腐败滋生。数千年来中国一直在努力，来建设和维持军队在和平时期依旧能保持战斗力，往往却徒劳无功。中国空军中许多人都盼望着打造出一支现代化有战斗力的空军，但是还有很多空军官兵想着发财致富。
评论翻译:
TonoFonseca Defection 3/1/2013 11:49:04 AM
We should put out big rewards for Chinese pilots to defect with these new aircraft.
我们应该为中国飞行员驾驶那些新式战斗机叛逃开出巨额悬赏。
Toosh 3/2/2013 7:35:04 AM
I'm not sold on the notion that their newer aircraft are up to western standards. If their quality assurance is anything like some of the products I have bought that were manufactured in China they still have a ways to go.
我可不认为他们的新型战斗机能提升达到到西方的标准。如果他们的飞机质保还像那些我买过的中国造的产品那样，他们仍还有很长一段路要走。
Chris 3/2/2013 11:51:50 AM
They aren't - but given the tremendous cash reserves the Communist Chinese government has, coupled with fact that they plan for the long term (unlike many of our politicians, who gave that up a long time ago), are determined to build a modern military. And the USA lamentably, facilitated a good deal of that during the time period 2002-2008, via the many transfers of dual use technologies, manufacturing techniques, and manufacturing base.
他们才不是呢 – 共产中国政府有着巨额的货币储备，而且实际上他们制定了长期的计划（他们可不象我们那些政客放弃长久打算），坚定的建设一支现代化的军队。美国就可悲的多了，都是2002~2008年期间那个“好主意”，把大量军民两用技术，制造业技术和制造业技术都运走到他们那里去了。
They are using the profits and technologies we gave them (according to Pat Buchanan's many editorials from 2002-2008) decrying the transfer of all the above during the two terms G W Bush was in office. Some of his predictions included not only the military build-up of China we are all witnessing, but also their ever increasing diplomatic belligerence.Unfortunately, all of Mr. Buchanan's predictions came true.
中国人使用了我们给他们（根据Pat Buchanan2002~2008的社论）的收益和技术。GW布什那两个任期在位的时候公开反对转移（到中国）。他的一些预言不但包括我们现在看在眼里的中国军队建设，还包括了他们日益咄咄逼人的外交政策。不幸的是Pat Buchanan先生的所有预言都成真了。
（译注：Pat Buchanan，全名Patrick Joseph "Pat" Buchanan，生于1938年11月2日，美国保守党评论员，作家，专栏作家和政治家，曾任尼克松，福特和里根的高级顾问，1992~96年曾获共和党总统提名）
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